目的：探究厦门地区早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）发生现状并分析其影响因素，以期为临床治疗和预防策略的制定提供科学依据。方法：回顾性研究2020年2月11日～2023年2月25日于厦门大学翔安医院进行眼底检查的363例胎龄＜32周的早产儿病例资料，根据筛查结果统计ROP的发生率，并将所有早产儿分为ROP组（n=37）和非ROP组（n=326），比较2组早产儿一般临床资料及围产期相关资料，采用多因素Logistic回归分析早产儿发生ROP的影响因素。结果：本次研究共纳入363例早产儿，眼底筛查结果显示，共有37例早产儿检查出ROP，ROP的发生率为10.19%，根据ROP国际分类标准判定严重程度（ROP分为5期，Ⅰ期最轻，Ⅴ期最严重），其中有15例（40.54%）早产儿为ROPⅠ期，10例（27.03%）为Ⅱ期，8例（21.62%）为Ⅲ期，4例（10.81%）为Ⅳ期，未检测出ROPⅤ期患儿；通过对比2组早产儿临床相关资料得出，2组早产儿在性别、孕母分娩方式、单胎或多胎、是否胎膜早破、是否有窒息史、是否合并PDA、NRDS等方面对比无显著差异（P＞0.05），其中ROP组早产儿在胎龄、出生时体质量方面明显低于非ROP组（P＜0.05），且住院时间、合并患有BPD、新生儿败血症、贫血、用氧时间超过1周、氧疗浓度高于40%、输血治疗等占比均较非ROP组更高（P＜0.05）；多因素Logistic回归分析得出，早产儿出生时体质量较低（OR=0.093，95%CI：0.022～0.394，P=0.001）、合并新生儿败血症（OR=166.985，95%CI：35.239～791.277，P＜0.001）、贫血（OR=8.111，95%CI：2.064～31.871，P=0.003）、用氧时间＞1周（OR=10.216，95%CI：2.543～41.039，P=0.001）、氧疗浓度＞40%（OR=7.647，95%CI：1.913～30.566，P=0.004）、接受输血治疗（OR=5.879，95%CI：1.412～24.470，P=0.015）是影响早产儿发生ROP的主要危险因素。结论：早产儿ROP的发病率相对较高且影响因素较多，其中出生时低体质量、合并新生儿败血症、贫血、吸氧以及输血治疗是导致早产儿发生ROP的高危因素，针对此类早产儿临床应给予重视并规范进行眼底筛查，及早进行治疗，从而进一步降低早产儿ROP的发生风险。

Objective : To investigate the current situation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in XX region and analyze its influencing factors, with a view to providing scientific basis for the development of clinical treatment and prevention strategies. Methods: The data of 363 preterm infants < 32 weeks of gestational age who underwent fundus examination in Xiangan Hospital of Xiamen University from February 11, 2020 to February 25, 2023 were retrospectively studied, and counted the incidence rate of ROP according to the results of the screening, and categorized all the preterm infants into the ROP group ( n=37 ) and the non-ROP group ( n=326 ), and compared the general clinical information of the 2 groups of preterm infants and the perinatal data related to ROP. The factors influencing the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants were analyzed by multifactorial logistic regression. Results: A total of 363 preterm infants were included in this study, and the fundus screening results showed that a total of 37 preterm infants were examined for ROP, and the incidence rate of ROP was 10.19%, According to the international classification standard of ROP, the severity of ROP was determined (ROP was divided into 5 stages, stage I was the lightest, stage V was the most serious), of which 15 cases (40.54%) were ROP stage I, 10 cases (27.03%) were stage II, 8 cases (21.62%) were stage III, and 4 cases (10.81%) were stage IV. By comparing the clinical data of the two groups of preterm infants, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in the comparison of the two groups of preterm infants in terms of gender, mode of delivery of the pregnant mother, singleton or multiparous, whether the membranes were prematurely ruptured or not, whether there was a history of asphyxia or not, whether there was a combination of PDA, NRDS, and so on ( P＞0.05), among which, in terms of the gestational age and the body mass at birth of preterm infants of the ROP group were significantly lower than the non-ROP group (P＞0.05). were significantly lower than those in the non-ROP group ( P < 0.05), and the percentage of hospitalization time, the combination of having BPD, neonatal sepsis, anemia, the duration of oxygen use for more than 1 week, the concentration of oxygen therapy higher than 40%, and blood transfusion therapy were higher than those in the non-ROP group ( P < 0.05); multifactorial logistic regression analysis yielded that preterm infants with a lower body mass at birth (OR=0.093, 95%CI : 0.022-0.394, P=0.001), combined neonatal sepsis (OR=166.985, 95%CI: 35.239-791.277,P<0.001), anemia (OR=8.111,95%CI: 2.064-31.871, P=0.003), and duration of oxygen use > 1 week (OR=10.216, the 95%CI: 2.543-41.039, P=0.001), oxygen therapy concentration >40% (OR=7.647,95%CI: 1.913-30.566, P=0.004), and receiving blood transfusion therapy (OR=5.879, 95%CI:1.412-24.470, P=0.015) were the major risk factors. Conclusion: The incidence of ROP in preterm infants is relatively high and there are many factors affecting it, among which low body mass at birth, combined neonatal sepsis, anemia, hypoxia, and transfusion therapy are the high-risk factors leading to the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants, which should be emphasized in clinics, and standardized funduscopic screening should be carried out and early treatment should be provided, so as to reduce the risk of occurrence of ROP in preterm infants.