随着多聚酶链式反应的应用和推广，既往多种病因不明的眼部疾病被证实与病毒感染有关；从经典的单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎到目前逐渐被大家认知的巨细胞病毒眼内感染，各种病毒性眼病愈发受到临床重视。眼部病毒感染纷繁复杂，病毒种类多样，引起的临床表现不尽相同。由于从病毒性眼病患者获取相应的组织标本具有一定的难度，建立有效的动物模型是研究其病程特点、发病机制以及药物临床前评价的关键基础。本文基于近年来病毒性眼病相关动物模型的文献资料，全面总结了不同病毒引起的从眼前节到后节多种疾病的动物模型，详细地介绍了各种模型的病毒种类、病毒载量以及攻毒方法，并且从模型稳定性、模型优劣势以及应用情况等多维度进行对比评价，为后续相关疾病的基础研究以及药物转化提供依据。

With the application and popularization of the polymerase chain reaction, many ocular diseases with unknown etiology in the past have been confirmed to be related to viral infections; From the classic herpes simplex keratitis to the cytomegalovirus intraocular infection which is gradually recognized by people at present, various viral ocular diseases have received increasing clinical attention. Ocular viral infections are complicated with various types of viruses causing different clinical manifestations. Since it is difficult to obtain corresponding tissue specimens from patients with viral ocular diseases, establishing an effective animal model is a crucial foundation for studying the characteristics of the disease course, the pathogenesis, and the pre-clinical evaluation of drugs. Based on the literature on animal models related to viral ocular diseases in recent years, this paper comprehensively summarizes the animal models of various diseases from the anterior segment to the posterior segment of the eye caused by different viruses and introduces in detail the types of viruses, viral loads, and the methods of virus challenge on various models; Besides, it conducts a comparative evaluation from multiple dimensions such as the model stability, advantages and disadvantages of the models, and their application situations, so as to provide a basis for subsequent basic research on related diseases and drug transformation.