目的 初步探讨大豆异黄酮对糖尿病大鼠视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)损伤的保护作用及相关机制。方法 取4-6周龄雄性SD大鼠40只（80眼），随机分为对照组、糖尿病组，大豆异黄酮低剂量处理组和大豆异黄酮高剂量处理组，每组10只。其中，对照组给予普通饲料喂养，糖尿病组和大豆异黄酮低剂量处理组和高剂量处理组大鼠给予高脂饲料喂养。喂养8周后，糖尿病组、大豆异黄酮低剂量组和高剂量处理组大鼠按照50mg·kg-1剂量的链尿佐菌素进行腹腔注射，建立糖尿病模型，对照组给予相同剂量的柠檬酸钠缓冲液。大豆异黄酮低剂量组是对糖尿病模型大鼠每天给予360mg·kg-1大豆异黄酮灌胃，高剂量组每天给予540mg·kg-1大豆异黄酮灌胃，对照组及糖尿病组每天给予等量的纯水灌胃。分别在处理4周和8周时，进行体重和血糖水平的测定。8周时摘取眼球，剥离视网膜。通过免疫组织化学染色和蛋白质印迹技术检测各组大鼠视网膜神经节细胞的数量，采用组织化学手段检测大鼠视网膜组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 与糖尿病大鼠相比，大豆异黄酮处理8周时，可以降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖至8.9mmol·L-1，提高大鼠视网膜内SOD活性至849.93±63.71U·mgprot-1，降低MDA含量至45.77±0.59nmol·mgprot-1，视网膜神经节细胞的数量与对照组接近，增多至76±1个·mm-1，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 大豆异黄酮处理可以降低糖尿病大鼠视网膜内的氧化应激反应，发挥对视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)的保护作用。

Objective To preliminarily investigate the protective effects of soy isoflavones on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) damage in diabetic rats and related mechanisms. Methods Fourty male SD rats(80eyes) aged 4-6 weeks were randomly divided into a control group (Con group), a diabetic group (Mod group), a soy isoflavone low-dose-treated group and a soy isoflavone high-dose-treated group, with 10 rats in each group. Among them, the control group was fed with normal chow,the diabetic group,the soy isoflavone low-dose-treated and the soy isoflavone high-dose-treated group were fed with high-fat chow . After 8 weeks of feeding, rats in the diabetic group, the soy isoflavone low-dose-treated group and high-dose treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with STZ at a dose of 50 mg·kg-1 to establish a diabetic model, and rats in the control group were given the same volume of sodium citrate buffer acid. The soy isoflavone low-dose-treated was given 360 mg·kg-1 of soy isoflavones by daily gavage to the diabetic model