眼底血管作为缺氧损伤的靶点之一，是监测疾病进展的重要窗口。诸多研究表明,部分眼底血管损伤与睡眠呼吸障碍相关。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)可以通过损伤视网膜中央动脉、视网膜静脉、视网膜微血管及脉络膜血管造成眼底病变。机制方面,主要与OSA特征性间歇低氧所致血流动力学异常、氧化应激和炎症反应、血液成分改变和内皮功能障碍有关。同时，OSA患者的眼底血管变化与全身血管状况有关，可以作为早期筛查OSA及其并发症的生物标志物。因此，OSA与眼底血管损伤的关系具有重要的临床意义，本文将系统介绍OSA与眼底血管损伤的现有研究结果，以及两者之间的可能发病机制。

The ocular fundus vasculature, serving as a critical window for monitoring disease progression, represents one of the primary targets of hypoxic injury. A growing body of evidence suggests associations between specific ocular vascular pathologies and sleep-disordered?breathing. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been?implicated in fundus lesions through its detrimental effects on the central retinal artery, retinal veins, retinal microvasculature, and choroidal vessels.?Mechanistically, these effects are linked to OSA-induced intermittent hypoxia, which drives hemodynamic disturbances, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, altered blood composition, endothelial dysfunction, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, vascular changes in the ocular fundus of OSA patients correlate with systemic vascular status, positioning these alterations as potential early screening biomarkers for OSA and its complications.?Considering the clinical importance of the interaction between OSA and ocular vascular damage, this article offers an extensive review of the existing literature on their relationship and delves into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）