视网膜中央静脉阻塞（Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, CRVO）是导致视力损害的重要疾病。本文综合分析了近年研究成果，重点围绕血管内皮功能障碍、炎症因子激活、氧化应激损伤、全身代谢异常及眼压升高等核心发病机制展开论述，同时创新性地探讨了外泌体介导的细胞间通讯及肠道菌群失衡通过"肠-眼轴"影响该疾病进程的新机制。本研究系统梳理了CRVO发病机制的关键环节，旨在整合现有机制研究成果，为优化靶向治疗策略及探索早期诊疗新方向提供理论依据。

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is a critical condition that results in vision impairment. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of recent research findings, with an emphasis on fundamental pathogenesis mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, activation of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress damage, systemic metabolic abnormalities, and elevated intraocular pressure. Furthermore, it innovatively investigates emerging mechanisms such as exosome-mediated intercellular communication and the influence of gut microbiota imbalance on disease progression via the "gut-eye axis." This study systematically reviews the essential aspects of CRVO pathogenesis, aiming to integrate existing research on mechanisms to establish a theoretical foundation for optimizing targeted treatment strategies and exploring novel directions for early diagnosis and treatment.

山东省医药卫生科技项目——重点项目，编号：202303011346