近年来,近视的患病率不断提高,呈发病年龄早、进展速度快的特点,不仅加重了社会经济负担,而且因高度近视引起的相关并发症严重损害人们的视力,影响日常的生活。目前,关于近视发病机制的研究主要集中于巩膜重塑、脉络膜血流异常、多巴胺合成与代谢、炎症反应等学说。随着高通量测序技术的发展,基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等技术在近视发展的机制研究方面做了更深入的探索,为近视防控以及相关靶点的针对性治疗提供新的思路和方法。本文针对上述研究内容进行综述。

In recent years, the prevalence of myopia is continuously increasing, characterized by an early onset and rapid progression. This not only exacerbates the socio-economic burden but also severely impairs vision due to complications associated with high myopia(HM), thereby affecting daily life. Currently, research on the pathogenesis of myopia mainly focuses on scleral remodeling, abnormal choroidal blood flow, dopamine synthesis and metabolism, and inflammatory responses. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been applied to conduct in-depth studies on the mechanisms underlying myopia development, providing new ideas and methods for myopia prevention and control as well as targeted treatment. This review summarizes the above research contents.