近视是我国乃至全世界最常见的眼病,近年来我国儿童青少年近视率不断上升,并且呈现出低龄化?高度化趋势,已成为危害我国儿童青少年眼部健康的主要原因?目前研究发现近视与眼轴长度密切相关,随着近视进展,眼轴长度增加,导致眼部结构发生改变,造成如巩膜变薄?视盘倾斜?视网膜变性等一系列眼部病变的发生发展,同时还会增加如青光眼?白内障等疾病的发病风险,最终造成严重视力损害?本文回顾近年来国内外相关文献,就眼轴与眼底损害之间的关系进行说明,希望能对儿童青少年近视防治提供一定参考?

Myopia is the most common eye disease in China and even around the world. In recent years, the myopia rate among children and adolescents in China has been on the rise, and it shows a trend of younger age and higher severity, which has become the main cause endangering the eye health of children and adolescents in China. Current studies have found that myopia is closely related to the axial length of the eye. As myopia progresses, the axial length of the eye increases, and the ocular structure changes, leading to the occurrence and development of a series of ocular diseases such as sclera becoming thinner, optic disc tilting, and retinal degeneration. Meanwhile, the occurrence risk of diseases such as glaucoma and cataracts has also been increasing, ultimately causing severe vision impairment. This article reviewed the relevant domestic and foreign literatures in recent years and explained the relationship between the axial length of the eye and fundus damage, hoping to provide certain references for the prevention and treatment of myopia in children and adolescents.