青光眼是一组以特征性视神经萎缩和视野缺损为共同特征的不可逆致盲性眼病，青光眼早期诊断对于预防视力丧失至关重要，但由于青光眼早期症状不明显，增加了诊断的复杂性。视觉电生理检查作为一种客观的视功能评估工具，在青光眼早期诊断中具有应用潜力。本文结合最新相关文献报道，主要介绍视网膜电图（ERG）、视觉诱发电位（VEP）等视觉电生理检查技术，并探讨它们的产生机制和在青光眼早期诊断中的应用价值。同时本文整理了不同视觉电生理技术的优势、局限性和适用范围，最后对视觉电生理技术在青光眼早诊领域的发展前景进行了展望。本综述能够为临床选择适合的诊断方法提供参考，推动青光眼早期视觉电生理诊断技术的创新与发展，有利于达到降低青光眼致盲风险的目的。

Glaucoma is a group of optic nerve disorders characterized by progressive optic nerve atrophy and visual field defects, which can lead to irreversible blindness. Early diagnosis of glaucoma is essential for preventing visual loss. However, due to the absence of obvious early symptoms, the diagnosis of glaucoma remains challenging. Visual electrophysiological examinations, an objective approach for evaluating visual function, have the potential to be used in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. This review integrates the latest publications to introduce visual electrophysiological examination techniques, including electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP). It also explores the mechanisms underlying these techniques and their application value in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. In addition, this review summarizes the advantages, limitations, and applicable scenarios of different visual electrophysiological techniques. Finally, the review provides an outlook on the development prospects of visual electrophysiological techniques in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. The findings of this review can assist clinicians in selecting appropriate diagnostic methods, promote the innovation and development of early visual electrophysiological diagnostic techniques for glaucoma, and contribute to reducing the risk of blindness caused by glaucoma.

天津市教委科研计划项目