随着环境及生活方式的变化，儿童干眼的发病率呈上升趋势。干眼可影响患儿的视觉质量、学习能力及生活质量，甚至造成永久性视觉损伤。准确诊断对治疗的意义重大。目前儿童干眼诊断一般沿用成人的标准，但由于儿童泪膜生理特点与成人存在差异、儿童干眼的隐匿性及检查配合度低等因素，其结果的准确性和可靠性受到一定限制。本文结合儿童泪膜功能单位生理特点及儿童干眼症状、体征等研究进展进行综述，旨在提高临床工作者对儿童干眼的认识，为儿童干眼早期诊治提供帮助。

With the changes in environment and lifestyle, the incidence of dry eye in children is on the rise. Dry eye can affect the visual quality, learning ability, and quality of life of affected children, and may even lead to permanent visual impairment. Accurate diagnosis is of great significance for treatment. At present, the diagnosis of dry eye in children generally follows adult standards, but due to differences in tear film physiology between children and adults, the hidden nature of dry eye in children, and low cooperation during examinations, the accuracy and reliability of the results are somewhat limited. This article reviews the physiological characteristics of the tear film functional unit in children, as well as research progress on the symptoms and signs of dry eye in children, aiming to enhance clinicians' understanding of pediatric dry eye and provide assistance for early diagnosis and treatment.