Glial-mesenchymal transition (GMT) refers to the biological process in which glial cells gradually adopt the phenotypic of characteristics mesenchymal cells under the stimulation of various factors, which is closely associated with retinal fibrosis diseases. Müller cells are the major retinal macroglia, activated in response to a variety of stimuli and in different pathological conditions, and transdifferentiation ensues. Studies have shown that GMT is closely related to various diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Although the regulatory mechanism involved GMT remains elusive, it has an emerging research prospect as a potential intervention target. Understanding the research progress of Müller GMT in retinal diseases is of great significance to fully reveal the interaction network of cell transdifferentiation mechanism in retinal diseases, and it is expected to explore a new treatment strategy and bring breakthroughs for the treatment of related patients.