Objective To study the clinical efficacy of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of dry eyes after pterygium surgery with lacrimal insufficiency. Methods In this study,64 eyes (64 cases) of pterygium patients with lacrimal insufficiency were treated with pterygium resection combined with limbal stem cell transplantation. After operation,they were given routine anti-inflammatory and infection prevention treatment. In terms of postoperative dry eye treatment,all patients were randomly divided into two groups. The observation group was treated with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops,and the control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops. The tear film Break-up time(BUT),Fluorescein corneal staining(FL),Schirmer's test(SIt),ocular surface disease index(OSDI) score,central corneal thickness(CCT),adverse reactions and complications were observed and compared between the two groups at different times after operation. Results Both groups of pterygium patients were accompanied with mild to moderate dry eyes with insufficient tear secretion before operation(P>0.05). At 2wk after operation,compared with those before operation,both groups showed shorter BUT and higher FL score (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). At 4wk after operation,compared with 2wk after operation,BUT in the observation group was prolonged,OSDI score was decreased(P<0.05),and FL score in both groups was decreased(P<0.05). The observation group was better than the control group(P<0.05). At the first day after operation,the CCT of the two groups was thicker than that before operation(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in SIt between the two groups before and after operation(P>0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of pterygium with lacrimal insufficiency,3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops can effectively reduce the postoperative dry eye symptoms,and its clinical effect is better than that of sodium hyaluronate eye drops alone.